Where’s the theological sense?
A novel perspective
Double vision from Berlin and Canterbury 
Christian vitriol in the USA
A Historian’s judgement
Did a Christmas Truce really happen on the Western Front IN WW1?
The story of cigarettes being exchanged and a football being kicked around
The evidence from individual soldiers letters
Contrary experience
Spontaneous and not-to-be-repeated?
Haven’t Christians often been at war with each other?
Historical evidence
Christian ‘just warriors’
Many Christianities
What are the main resources for making Christian moral judgements?
Three or four main streams
The tendency to absolutise
Indicative examples of different modes of moral thinking
What are the main Biblical texts regarding war?
Old Testament/ Hebrew Bible
NewTestament
Who are the main positions in subsequent Christian tradition regarding war?
Interpreting the faith in each new cultural context
Pacifists
Just Warriors
International law, not Christian v Secular, but both Christian and Secular
What were the main criteria for determining a ‘just war’?
The JAB checks 
The JIB checks
Why does the nature of warfare in WW1 strain traditional Christian thinking?
Technological magnification
Why might British and German Christians have denied that war between their two countries was possible – that is until the WW1 was fully under way?
Shared heritage
Intertwined monarchies
Direct Ecumenical links
Current symbols of friendly intimacy between Britain and Germany
Why did most Germans Christians come to believe that WW1 was just?
In the first instance the war wasn’t against Britain
They were not immune to co-ordinated propaganda from the War Office to the effect that world-leading German culture and values would be destroyed 
Establishment Christianity reinforced the general sense of national loyalty and patriotic trust in the government
Formal endorsement by Kaiser as Head of Lutheran State Church in speeches drafted by Adolph von Harnack
Manifesto of the Ninety-Three
Comment on the Manifesto
Ongoing endorsement of the war from pulpits and church sponsored publications
Parallel support for the war from the RC Church in Germany 
Ecumenical hymn-singing in front of the Reichstag
An overview
What reservations were expressed about Christian endorsement of WW1 from within Germany?
Paul Tillich
Karl Barth 
What was the nature and extent of German Conscientious Objection to WW1 on religious grounds?
Legal status
Christian objectors  
Why did most British Christians believe that the war was just?
A shared national and imperial sense that Germany had declared war unjustly
A universal national and imperial sense that Germany’s actions in war were unjust 
The traditional and biblical teaching that ‘the powers that be are ordained of God’ ie ruling authorities are there with divine approval
The initial and continuing identification with the war effort on the part of the King, irrespective of his own German family lineage
Advice in sermons by church leaders
The considered views of leading theologians
What does Independent comparative comment say about British and German Christians using the same arguments for war?
What of Jews in the Germany in WW1?
Loyalty to the country they were living in
Inevitable conflict of German and Austrian Jews with British Jews
Some ambivalence towards service in the German army is recorded
Christian compassion for starving German civilians?